Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the amount of thyroid hormone in the body is below normal.
Thyroid hormones are produced by the thyroid gland located in the lower part of the neck. They are chemical messengers that help regulate growth and the rate of chemical reactions (metabolism) in the body.
Treatment is simple and effective but is usually lifelong.
Most cases of hypothyroidism are due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland, referred to as primary hypothyroidism.
Severe Iodine deficiency
Iodine is needed to make thyroid hormone. In some countries (such as India and South America) the soil content of iodine is poor and hypothyroidism is more common. It is rare in the Western World since the addition of iodine to table salt.
Thyroid gland function is controlled by the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. It produces a hormone called Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) if the body's thyroid hormone levels are low. This TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to make more thyroid hormone. In rare cases hypothyroidism is a result of reduced TSH production by the pituitary gland, referred to as secondary hypothyroidism.
The diagnosis is confirmed by blood tests. Levels of thyroid hormone are low in patients with hypothyroidism but may be normal in early or mild cases and only become low as the disease progresses. TSH levels are always elevated in primary hypothyroidism. In secondary hypothyroidism thyroid hormone levels and TSH levels are low.
The disease may coexist with diabetes and pernicious anemia (low vitamin B12).
I think it is a good idea for all of us to get the B12 levels checked. As there are many reports which suggest that B12 and Folic Acid supplements can reverse Vitiligo.
Some doctors even suggest to get the eyes checked up as vitiligo sometimes affect the eyes as well.